Emerging research highlights the critical role of gut microbiome diversity in cancer prevention, progression, and treatment response. A diverse microbiome fosters a balanced immune system capable of recognizing and eliminating tumorigenic cells, while dysbiosis—marked by a loss of microbial diversity—has been linked to chronic inflammation and oncogenesis. Certain bacterial species, such as *Fusobacterium nucleatum*, are associated with colorectal cancer due to their ability to promote pro-infla