Every time you send a text, pay for groceries with your phone, or use your health site, you are relying on encryption.

Those that solve artificially simplified problems where quantum advantage is meaningless. Those that provide no genuine quantum advantage when all costs are properly accounted for. This critique is ...

Oracle-based quantum algorithms cannot use deep loops because quantum states exist only as mathematical amplitudes in Hilbert space with no physical substrate. Criticall ...

Today, PKC forms the foundation for e-commerce, allowing more than US$1 trillion per day in foreign exchange transactions in North America alone. 10 This technology also allows electronic banking, ...

Abstract: Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely used in modern security protocols due to its strong security guarantees and compact key sizes. However, scalar multiplication, the core operation ...

Abstract: The integration of technology into education is becoming a common practice. Artificial intelligence systems, which have recently become an indispensable part of everyday life, are a natural ...