Abstract: In bilevel optimization, the upper-level optimization problem (ULOP) requires to be solved under the constraint of the inner lower-level optimization problem (LLOP). However, it is ...
Abstract: Topology optimizations involving evolutionary algorithms are promising approaches to solve practical engineering design problems, since their use of derivation-free algorithms makes them ...
Non-communicable diseases—such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and chronic pain—pose significant global health challenges, causing millions of deaths annually.