CSV means comma separated values. It's like a normal "txt" file with commas at regular places to separate some values. Typically the first line of CSV file is a "header", containing names of columns ...
"Windup" occurs when the integral term grows indefinitely while the actuator is saturated (at max limit). Standard PID calculates d(Error)/dt. This library calculates ...
Abstract: By integrating a nearly infinite number of reconfigurable elements into a finite space, a spatially continuous array aperture is formed for holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) ...
Abstract: Secondary frequency control systems, such as Automatic Generation Control (AGC), are used in interconnected power grids. However, when a system failure causes systems to separate into zones ...