Retrofitting design patterns into a program by hand is tedious and error-prone. A programmer must distinguish refactorings that are provided by an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) from those ...

Java Specification Request (JSR) 223 helps developers integrate Java technology and scripting languages by defining a standard framework and application programming interface (API) to do the following ...

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Abstract: In our current technological development, usage of social networking, e-commerce, media, and management, web application plays a very indispensable role on the Internet. organizations use ...