From our study of C++, it should be clear that, unlike class encapsulation and single inheritance, which were essentially free in C, polymorphism in C involves some complexity and overhead. In the ...

Does it ever make sense to declare a variable in C or C++ as both volatile (in other words, “ever-changing”) and const (“read-only”)? If so, why? And how should you combine volatile and const properly ...

Programming C without variables is like, well, programming C without variables. They are so essential to the language that it doesn’t even require an analogy here. We can declare and use them as ...

Pointers — you either love them, or you haven’t fully understood them yet. But before you storm off to the comment section now, pointers are indeed a polarizing subject and are both C’s biggest ...

One of the most critical aspects of object-oriented programming is encapsulation, which allows one to define labels for the data members and member functions, to specify if they are accessible from ...