It has bee traditionally generated by analogue means, generating a double sideband and filtering away the unwanted side, or generating 90 degree phase shifted quadrature signals and mixing them.

Double-sideband (DSB) modulation: A modulation technique that employs both sidebands of the carrier, necessitating advanced processing to mitigate interference and enhance signal fidelity.

Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...