"Windup" occurs when the integral term grows indefinitely while the actuator is saturated (at max limit). Standard PID calculates d(Error)/dt. This library calculates ...
BLDC_PID_Controller/ ├── arduino_uno/ # Development implementation │ ├── arduino_uno.ino # Arduino Uno code with serial tuning │ ├── config.h # Configuration header with all settings │ ├── ...
Abstract: Secondary frequency control systems, such as Automatic Generation Control (AGC), are used in interconnected power grids. However, when a system failure causes systems to separate into zones ...
Abstract: By integrating a nearly infinite number of reconfigurable elements into a finite space, a spatially continuous array aperture is formed for holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) ...