The immune system is the body’s tool for preventing or limiting infection. Its complex network of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues enables the immune system to defend the body from pathogens. A ...

The system approach principle places individual system elements in their environments and observes the relationships between them. Instead of studying a specific phenomenon first – an automobile ...

The human immune system becomes less effective with age. This can be due to increased infection and chronic inflammation. However, exercising, eating a balanced diet, and maintaining a moderate weight ...