Figure 1. Ultrasonic testing using pulse echo and through-transmission methods. Pulse echo (left and center) uses a transducer that sends and receives ultrasound energy, producing both A- and B-scan ...

In most people’s minds, mass car production involves lines of robots armed with welding guns, rapidly assembling a car body. Spotwelding has been the main method of sheet metal joining in automotive ...

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing, also known as ultrasonic NDT or simply UT, is a method of characterizing the thickness or internal structure of a test piece using high-frequency sound waves. The ...

During manufacture and assembly of products, there is a wide range of testing and inspection carried out to ensure the materials and items satisfy their specifications or are fit for the required ...