The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

In the time it takes you to read this sentence, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will have smashed billions of particles ...

It’s often said in science that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Recent measurements of the mass of the elementary particle known as the W boson provide a useful case study as to ...

How did the universe come into being? There are a multitude of theories on this subject. In a Physical Review Letters paper, three scientists formulate a new model: according to this, inflation, the ...

If photons possess more quantum states than expected, it would overhaul our understanding of all particle physics – and now physicists have identified a way to test this radical idea in an experiment.

L. Maisenbacher et al, Sub-part-per-trillion test of the Standard Model with atomic hydrogen, Nature, February 11, 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10124-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10124-3 ...

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the most rigorously tested quantum field theory of the standard model of particle physics 1. It describes the fundamental electromagnetic interactions of particles and ...

Particles known as tensor mesons are created when high-energy photons interact. These mesons have now been proposed to have a larger effect on photon behavior than previously thought, and provide a ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...