Scientists analyzed each element of the neutrino mass matrix belonging to leptons and showed theoretically that the intergenerational mixing of lepton flavors is large. Furthermore, by using the ...

Random Matrix Theory (RMT) has emerged as a potent framework to characterise the statistical properties of eigenvalues in large complex systems, bridging disciplines from quantum physics to number ...

Scientists are exploring a mysterious pattern, found in birds’ eyes, boxes of marbles and other surprising places, that is neither regular nor random. All complex correlated systems, from Arctic melt ...

Harry Markowitz famously quipped that diversification is the only free lunch in investing. What he did not say is that this is only true if correlations are known and stable over time. Markowitz’s ...

A potent theory has emerged explaining a mysterious statistical law that arises throughout physics and mathematics. Imagine an archipelago where each island hosts a single tortoise species and all the ...

When any matter is divided into smaller and smaller pieces, eventually all you are left with—when it cannot be divided any further—is a particle. Currently, there are 12 different known elementary ...