E. Napoletano is a former registered financial advisor and award-winning author and journalist. Ben is the former Retirement and Investing Editor for Forbes Advisor. With two decades of business and ...

Proof of stake is a consensus algorithm originally invented by Sunny King and Scott Nadal in 2012. The idea for proof-of-stake (PoS) began as a way to create an alternative to Bitcoin’s proof-of-work ...

Proof of work validates transactions on a blockchain by miners solving hash puzzles. Bitcoin uses proof of work, rewarding miners with coins for adding blocks. Proof of stake offers a less ...

Bitcoin miners collect and broadcast transactions in a block and verify their validity. Then they apply a cryptographic hash function of the previous block’s header to the new block. Finally, they try ...

There is no technical obstacle to making the notoriously energy-hungry cryptocurrency far more efficient—just a social one. Tech Review Explains: Let our writers untangle the complex, messy world of ...

In a blockchain network where participants remain anonymous, a dependable coordination mechanism is essential. The “proof” acts as confirmation that a participant has met the requirements to validate ...

E. Napoletano is a former registered financial advisor and award-winning author and journalist. Aaron Broverman is the Managing Editor of Forbes Advisor Canada. He has almost 20 years of experience ...