Out-of-step protection is a critical component of modern power system protection schemes—its importance has grown significantly with the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and ...

Duke Energy is evaluating the use of a point to point digital secondary system to reduce the amount of copper utilized in traditional substation protection designs. Table I below, lists various ...

The evolution of today’s Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Power over Data Line (PoDL) systems. The fundamental power delivery characteristics of PoE and PoDL and how these digitally integrated, ...

Members can download this article in PDF format. As high-performance computing and artificial-intelligence (AI) usage continues to escalate across the industrial landscape, data centers demand ...