George F. R. Ellis is in the Mathematics Department of the University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town, South Africa. Assembly theory fills this gap in an innovative way by quantifying the ...

The physics of the microrealm involves two famous and bizarre concepts: The first is that prior to observation, it is impossible to know with certainty the outcome of a measurement on a particle; ...

Quantum effects have been demonstrated on one of the largest scales ever, pushing the boundaries of the quantum world. A crystal of 10^16 atoms has been placed in a superposition of two quantum states ...