A research group in Japan identified a correlation between damp heat test of 1,000 hours to 3–6 years of field exposure in humid areas and changes in acetic acid concentration in photovoltaic modules.

“Four years ago, that was at 50% and it’s steadily increased since,” said Tristan Erion-Lorico. Image: Kiwa PVEL. A total of 83% of module manufacturers have had at least one test failure in the Kiwa ...

Lab-tested solar module performance has improved over the last year, according to data from US-based technical advisory firm Renewable Energy Test Centre (RETC). In its 2025 PV Module Index Report, ...