When testing new treatments, drugmakers must show that their formulation bears out better results than a placebo in clinical trials. In fact, the new drug must outperform the placebo by a ...

For researchers there's a lot that turns on the p value, the number used to determine whether a result is statistically significant. The current consensus is that if p is less than .05, a study has ...

No matter whether the study is conventional or tough, the expected value of significance is lower than the expected value of nonsignificance. In the context of reverse engineering the values, that is, ...