How can just four nitrogenous bases--adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil--possibly code for all 20 amino acids? Thus, early researchers quickly determined that the smallest combination of As, Cs, ...
Tinkers are complexes of amino acid polymers (colored spheres) and DNA flipons (wireframes). Tinkers self-amplify with DNA and peptide strands promoting the synthesis of each other. Early on, tinkers ...
In my first semester of graduate school at Tufts University, I sat across from a young professor as he pitched me on joining his lab to work on genetic code expansion (GCE). Even though I'd just ...