Accurate estimation of the ionosphere is essential for reliable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, timing, and space weather applications. A key challenge lies in converting slant ...

Samuel Lellouch does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

What is the shortest route to the next stop or the agreed meeting point? Global positioning systems (GPS) have become a routine part of everyday life for most people. Until now, however, the minimum ...