Dynamic logic offers a formal framework to reason about actions, transitions and the evolution of systems over time. It extends classical modal logic by incorporating operators that capture state ...

Justification logic extends traditional modal frameworks by introducing explicit representations of evidential support, thereby refining our understanding of epistemic reasoning. In contrast to ...

As AI models evolve beyond mere fact recall, a new generation of reasoning models, such as OpenAI’s o1 and o3-mini, and DeepSeek-R1, is redefining how machines think. Unlike traditional knowledge ...