When people hear about metal ion baths, chances are they are thinking about an ionic foot bath or an ionic foot detox. However, there are other practical applications for the ionization process. One ...

Six critical steps are involved in the manufacturing of semiconductors. These steps include deposition, photoresist, lithography, etch, ionization and packaging. This article discusses several ...

Researchers have achieved real-time capture of the ionization process and subsequent structural changes in gas-phase molecules through an enhanced mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV ...