Determining the right process conditions for a freeze-drying cycle requires an understanding of the effect of each step on the drug product. Freeze-drying is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry ...

PharmTech: What types of unique approaches and product knowledge are required when using a QbD approach for lyophilization? Gieseler (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg): We need to find a more profound ...

Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a form of dehydration. Food is first frozen, then dried under pressure to remove its water content. It is widely believed that freeze-drying is the best ...