Gravity is supposed to be the most familiar force in nature, yet at the deepest level it remains the least understood. A bold ...

Cosmology has a way of turning everyday certainty inside out, and few ideas do it more brutally than the suggestion that your entire life story could be a physical fluke. The Boltzmann brain puzzle ...

Exactly 200 years ago, a French engineer introduced an idea that would quantify the universe’s inexorable slide into decay. But entropy, as it’s currently understood, is less a fact about the world ...

Quside is a quantum technology company building digital trust infrastructure solutions. Quside designs and manufactures ...

Entropy, the amount of molecular disorder, is produced in several systems but cannot be measured directly. A new equation sheds new light on how entropy is produced on a very short time scale in laser ...

In a recent paper, SFI Professor David Wolpert, SFI Fractal Faculty member Carlo Rovelli, and physicist Jordan Scharnhorst ...

"Physicists like to probe the extreme,” said Garrett Goon, a physicist at Carnegie Mellon University. “The fact that you can’t go further, that something is changing, something is blocking ...

Entropy is surely one of the most intriguing and misunderstood concepts in all of physics. The entropy of the universe must always increase – so says the second law of thermodynamics. It’s a law that ...

Compressing hydrogen demands high pressures; liquefying it requires extreme cooling. Both approaches carry energy penalties, safety considerations, and infrastructure costs that limit wider adoption.