Complex-valued Hopfield neural networks extend the classical Hopfield model by allowing neuron activations and synaptic weights to assume complex values. This generalisation enables the encoding of ...

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An international team of researchers shows through a concrete theoretical experiment that the prediction by standard complex quantum theory cannot be expressed by its real counterpart and ratifies its ...

The physical theory of quantum mechanics describes the world of atomic and sub-atomic particles. Its development began in the 1900s with physicists such as Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg ...