In our previous two issues, we discussed troubleshooting digital output modules. Troubleshooting analog modules is a bit more complicated, for two reasons: Analog modules aren't on/off, as digital ...

I/O modules are building blocks of industrial control systems used in end equipment such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) and DCS (Distributed Control ...

Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

An experienced circuit-design EE once clarified his view of the hierarchy of IC-vendor design support: High-performance, feature-rich ICs were good, application circuits were better, but complete ...

Does the module's output correspond correctly to its input? Determine that by forcing the PLC output to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% and measuring on the output terminals at the corresponding range ...